Is Accurate, Positive, or Inflated Self-Perception Most Advantageous for Psychological Adjustment? A Competitive Test of Key Hypotheses
DC Element | Wert | Sprache |
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dc.contributor.author | Humberg, Sarah | |
dc.contributor.author | Dufner, Michael | |
dc.contributor.author | Schoenbrodt, Felix D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Geukes, Katharina | |
dc.contributor.author | Hutteman, Roos | |
dc.contributor.author | Kuefner, Albrecht C. P. | |
dc.contributor.author | van Zalk, Maarten H. W. | |
dc.contributor.author | Denissen, Jaap J. A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Nestler, Steffen | |
dc.contributor.author | Back, Mitja D. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-12-23T16:22:57Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-12-23T16:22:57Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 00223514 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://osnascholar.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/unios/14360 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Empirical research on the (mal-) adaptiveness of favorable self-perceptions, self-enhancement, and self-knowledge has typically applied a classical null-hypothesis testing approach and provided mixed and even contradictory findings. Using data from 5 studies (laboratory and field, total N = 2,823), we used an information-theoretic approach combined with Response Surface Analysis to provide the first competitive test of 6 popular hypotheses: that more favorable self-perceptions are adaptive versus maladaptive (Hypotheses 1 and 2: Positivity of self-view hypotheses), that higher levels of self-enhancement (i.e., a higher discrepancy of self-viewed and objectively assessed ability) are adaptive versus maladaptive (Hypotheses 3 and 4: Self-enhancement hypotheses), that accurate self-perceptions are adaptive (Hypothesis 5: Self-knowledge hypothesis), and that a slight degree of self-enhancement is adaptive (Hypothesis 6: Optimal margin hypothesis). We considered self-perceptions and objective ability measures in two content domains (reasoning ability, vocabulary knowledge) and investigated 6 indicators of intra-and interpersonal psychological adjustment. Results showed that most adjustment indicators were best predicted by the positivity of self-perceptions. There were some specific self-enhancement effects, and evidence generally spoke against the self-knowledge and optimal margin hypotheses. Our results highlight the need for comprehensive and simultaneous tests of competing hypotheses. Implications for the understanding of underlying processes are discussed. | |
dc.description.sponsorship | German Research Foundation (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG) [BA 3731/6-1]; Additional materials for this article can be found at osf.io/m6pb2. We embrace the values of openness and transparency in science (Schon-brodt, Maier, Heene, & Zehetleitner, 2015). Therefore, we followed the 21-word solution provided by Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn (2012) or referred to the complete project documentations in the OSF. We furthermore published all raw data necessary to reproduce the reported results and are providing scripts for all data analyses reported in this article (see osf.io/m6pb2). This research was supported by Grant BA 3731/6-1 from the German Research Foundation (DFG) to Mitja D. Back, Steffen Nestler, and BE. We are grateful to all research assistants who helped with data collection and data preparation in the Connect and PILS study (Samples B and C) and to Ruben Arslan, Katharina Demin, Sarah Lennartz, Isabelle Habedank, and David Lassner for their help with data collection and data preparation in the Self-Insight study (Sample E). | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.publisher | AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC | |
dc.relation.ispartof | JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY | |
dc.subject | AIC MODEL SELECTION | |
dc.subject | BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY | |
dc.subject | ENHANCEMENT BIAS | |
dc.subject | INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES | |
dc.subject | information-theoretic approach | |
dc.subject | intelligence self-views | |
dc.subject | KNOW THYSELF | |
dc.subject | LENS MODEL | |
dc.subject | MULTIMODEL INFERENCE | |
dc.subject | OPTIMAL MARGIN | |
dc.subject | Psychology | |
dc.subject | Psychology, Social | |
dc.subject | R PACKAGE | |
dc.subject | REGRESSION-ANALYSIS | |
dc.subject | response surface analysis | |
dc.subject | self-enhancement | |
dc.subject | self-knowledge | |
dc.title | Is Accurate, Positive, or Inflated Self-Perception Most Advantageous for Psychological Adjustment? A Competitive Test of Key Hypotheses | |
dc.type | journal article | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1037/pspp0000204 | |
dc.identifier.isi | ISI:000464114600008 | |
dc.description.volume | 116 | |
dc.description.issue | 5 | |
dc.description.startpage | 835 | |
dc.description.endpage | 859 | |
dc.contributor.orcid | 0000-0002-6282-4107 | |
dc.contributor.orcid | 0000-0003-2186-1558 | |
dc.contributor.orcid | 0000-0002-7424-306X | |
dc.contributor.orcid | 0000-0002-7891-3622 | |
dc.contributor.orcid | 0000-0002-0185-8805 | |
dc.contributor.orcid | 0000-0002-8282-3910 | |
dc.contributor.researcherid | AAR-7666-2020 | |
dc.contributor.researcherid | H-2180-2013 | |
dc.contributor.researcherid | D-2706-2013 | |
dc.identifier.eissn | 19391315 | |
dc.publisher.place | 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA | |
dcterms.isPartOf.abbreviation | J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. | |
crisitem.author.dept | FB 08 - Humanwissenschaften | - |
crisitem.author.deptid | fb08 | - |
crisitem.author.parentorg | Universität Osnabrück | - |
crisitem.author.netid | ZaMa832 | - |
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geprüft am 01.06.2024