Modeling the fate of down-the-drain chemicals in whole watersheds: New version of the GREAT-ER software

Abstract

The geo-referenced regional exposure assessment tool for European rivers (GREAT-ER) designed for the prediction of spatially explicit exposure concentrations of typical down-the-drain chemicals in whole river basins was improved. New features for scenario creation and analyses were amended for use in river basin management or within the Water Framework Directive implementation process. Improvements of the new model version are exemplary illustrated by means of an extensive case study for the pharmaceutical diclofenac in the German watershed of Ruhr River, a tributary of River Rhine. Comparison with monitoring data corroborates the capability of the probabilistic model to realistically predict spatial surface water concentration ranges for non-persistent chemicals. Based on the evaluation of the actual contamination, two management scenarios are investigated in terms of their reduction potential. The analysis demonstrates how the model allows for a priori evaluation of mitigation strategies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.