Screening metallic hairdresser tools for nickel release

Abstract

Introduction: Hairdressers are subjected to a high risk of developing occupational dermatoses, e.g., allergic contact dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis is elicited through contact allergens, such as nickel, which is considered to be one of the most common contact allergens. A nickel release from metal objects within the EU has been found in various studies regardless of existing regulations. The present study aims to screen current nickel release from metal tools in the German hairdressing trade. Methods: A dimethylglyoxime test was used in order to examine 229 metal tools. An employee survey was executed to collect data about the manufacturer, age, and price of the tested hairdressing scissors. Results: 21 of 229 metal tools (9.2%) released nickel. Nickel release was found in 2 of 27 tail combs (7.4%), 8 of 45 hair clips (17.8%), and 11 of 17 tweezers (64.7%). Discussion: The detected nickel release from metal tools with prolonged skin contact poses an acute health risk in terms of sensitization to nickel and moreover with respect to elicitation of nickel contact dermatitis. The execution of the regulations in force must therefore be strictly monitored. Conclusion: Hairdressers may be exposed to nickel-releasing metal tools in their everyday professional life. A prolonged skin contact with nickel-releasing metal tools in the hairdressing trade has to be considered possible. Tweezers and hair clips have to be regarded especially problematic in terms of nickel release, whereas scissors - which are the main tools of hairdressers - could not be identified as problematic in this regard. The conception of appropriate recommendations to avoid prolonged direct skin contact with nickel-releasing tools in the German hairdressing trade, combined with further nickel detection testing, need to be implemented in a comprehensive and sustainable prevention program.