Development of thermally fixed photorefractive holograms without light
Autor(en): | Nee, I Muller, M Buse, K |
Stichwörter: | CHARGE-TRANSPORT PROCESSES; COMPACT; FILTER; GRATINGS; LINBO3 CRYSTALS; LITHIUM-NIOBATE CRYSTALS; Optics; Physics; Physics, Applied; STORAGE | Erscheinungsdatum: | 2001 | Herausgeber: | SPRINGER HEIDELBERG | Journal: | APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS | Volumen: | 72 | Ausgabe: | 2 | Startseite: | 195 | Seitenende: | 200 | Zusammenfassung: | Holographic gratings are recorded and thermally fixed in iron-doped photorefractive lithium-niobate crystals. A spatially modulated concentration of filled and empty electron traps (Fe2+ and Fe3+) yields a modulated dark conductivity. As a consequence, dark diffusion currents and dark drift currents arise. Space-charge fields and electro-optic refractive-index changes build up. An additional refractive-index grating, which may originate from a modulated proton concentration, as well as a pronounced absorption grating arising from the modulated Fe2+ concentration are also observed. The dark development has practical advantages: thermally fixed holograms can be used in devices without the need to develop them freshly from time to time by illumination. Although with dark development diffraction efficiencies up to 50%, are demonstrated, in general the efficiencies are smaller compared to those achieved by development with light. |
ISSN: | 09462171 | DOI: | 10.1007/s003400000444 |
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geprüft am 23.05.2024