Is Accurate, Positive, or Inflated Self-Perception Most Advantageous for Psychological Adjustment? A Competitive Test of Key Hypotheses
Autor(en): | Humberg, Sarah Dufner, Michael Schoenbrodt, Felix D. Geukes, Katharina Hutteman, Roos Kuefner, Albrecht C. P. van Zalk, Maarten H. W. Denissen, Jaap J. A. Nestler, Steffen Back, Mitja D. |
Stichwörter: | AIC MODEL SELECTION; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; ENHANCEMENT BIAS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; information-theoretic approach; intelligence self-views; KNOW THYSELF; LENS MODEL; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; OPTIMAL MARGIN; Psychology; Psychology, Social; R PACKAGE; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; response surface analysis; self-enhancement; self-knowledge | Erscheinungsdatum: | 2019 | Herausgeber: | AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC | Journal: | JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY | Volumen: | 116 | Ausgabe: | 5 | Startseite: | 835 | Seitenende: | 859 | Zusammenfassung: | Empirical research on the (mal-) adaptiveness of favorable self-perceptions, self-enhancement, and self-knowledge has typically applied a classical null-hypothesis testing approach and provided mixed and even contradictory findings. Using data from 5 studies (laboratory and field, total N = 2,823), we used an information-theoretic approach combined with Response Surface Analysis to provide the first competitive test of 6 popular hypotheses: that more favorable self-perceptions are adaptive versus maladaptive (Hypotheses 1 and 2: Positivity of self-view hypotheses), that higher levels of self-enhancement (i.e., a higher discrepancy of self-viewed and objectively assessed ability) are adaptive versus maladaptive (Hypotheses 3 and 4: Self-enhancement hypotheses), that accurate self-perceptions are adaptive (Hypothesis 5: Self-knowledge hypothesis), and that a slight degree of self-enhancement is adaptive (Hypothesis 6: Optimal margin hypothesis). We considered self-perceptions and objective ability measures in two content domains (reasoning ability, vocabulary knowledge) and investigated 6 indicators of intra-and interpersonal psychological adjustment. Results showed that most adjustment indicators were best predicted by the positivity of self-perceptions. There were some specific self-enhancement effects, and evidence generally spoke against the self-knowledge and optimal margin hypotheses. Our results highlight the need for comprehensive and simultaneous tests of competing hypotheses. Implications for the understanding of underlying processes are discussed. |
ISSN: | 00223514 | DOI: | 10.1037/pspp0000204 |
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geprüft am 16.05.2024